Data and sources
Every number has a clear meaning and a traceable source. Important claims link directly to NASA, JPL or other primary documents.
How the current value is calculated
The positions and velocities of both spacecraft come from JPL Horizons. We continuously interpolate values for the current time from those data.
This is not live spacecraft telemetry, but a calculation based on their known trajectories.
Four different quantities
- Distance from Earth: how far the spacecraft is from Earth.
- Distance from the Sun: how far the spacecraft is from the Sun.
- Speed relative to the Sun: how fast the spacecraft is moving relative to the Sun.
- Change in distance from Earth: how quickly the distance between spacecraft and Earth is increasing or decreasing.
Signal travel time
Signal time is based on the positions of Earth and the spacecraft at transmission and reception. We report both one-way and round-trip time.
Limitations
Trajectory data may be refined over time. The historical map is approximate, especially around planetary flybys, and we do not extrapolate beyond the available period.
Primary sources
- JPL Horizons API ↗NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics · Ephemerides, vectors, distances and velocities
- Horizons System Manual ↗NASA/JPL · Reference frames, time scales and trajectory limitations
- Voyager — Interstellar Messengers ↗NASA Science · Mission overview and current status
- NASA Shuts Off Instrument on Voyager 1 ↗NASA Science · 2026-04-17 · Current status of Voyager 1 and LECP
- NASA Engineers Help Prolong Voyager 2’s Science Mission ↗NASA Science · 2026-08-04 · Current status of Voyager 2
- Voyager Spacecraft ↗NASA Science · Spacecraft design and science instruments
- Voyager Mission Timeline ↗NASA Science · Historical milestones
- Voyager Golden Record Overview ↗NASA Science · Contents and creation of the Golden Record
- Images on the Golden Record ↗NASA Science · Copyright limitations of the record’s contents
- NASA Images and Media Usage Guidelines ↗NASA · Media usage conditions
- IAU 2012 Resolution B2 ↗International Astronomical Union · Exact definition of the astronomical unit
- SI Brochure, 9th edition ↗BIPM · Exact speed of light
NASA / JPL
- 25 Years After Neptune Reflections on Voyager ↗science.nasa.gov
- Artists Concept of Voyager ↗science.nasa.gov
- Astronomical unit ↗ssd.jpl.nasa.gov
- Deep Space Network communications ↗www.nasa.gov
- Deep Space Network science ↗deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov
- Deep Space Network tracking and telemetry ↗science.nasa.gov
- Did You Know ↗science.nasa.gov
- Don Gurnett ↗science.nasa.gov
- Ed Stone ↗science.nasa.gov
- Engineers Pinpoint Cause of Voyager 1 Issue Are Working on Solution ↗science.nasa.gov
- Frequently Asked Questions ↗science.nasa.gov
- Golden Record Contents ↗science.nasa.gov
- Golden Record Cover ↗science.nasa.gov
- Golden Record cover image ↗science.nasa.gov
- Greetings ↗science.nasa.gov
- How Do We Know When Voyager Reaches Interstellar Space ↗www.jpl.nasa.gov
- How Do We Know Where Faraway Spacecraft Are ↗www.jpl.nasa.gov
- Interstellar Science ↗science.nasa.gov
- Io facts ↗science.nasa.gov
- Io Volcanic Eruption ↗science.nasa.gov
- JPL astrodynamic parameters ↗ssd.jpl.nasa.gov
- Linda Spilker ↗science.nasa.gov
- Making of the Golden Record ↗science.nasa.gov
- Mission Overview ↗science.nasa.gov
- NASA Engineers Make Progress Toward Understanding Voyager 1 Issue ↗science.nasa.gov
- NASA Turns Off 2 Voyager Science Instruments to Extend Mission ↗science.nasa.gov
- NASA Turns Off Science Instrument to Save Voyager 2 Power ↗science.nasa.gov
- NASA's Voyager 1 resumes engineering updates ↗www.jpl.nasa.gov
- NASA's Voyager 2 enters interstellar space ↗www.jpl.nasa.gov
- NASA's Voyager 2 enters interstellar space ↗science.nasa.gov
- Nasas Voyager 1 Resumes Sending Engineering Updates to Earth ↗science.nasa.gov
- Nasas Voyager Spacecraft Still Reaching for the Stars After 40 Years ↗www.nasa.gov
- Neptune Full Disk View ↗science.nasa.gov
- Pale Blue Dot Revisited ↗science.nasa.gov
- Planetary Voyage ↗science.nasa.gov
- Primer ↗science.nasa.gov
- Solar System distances ↗science.nasa.gov
- Spacecraft navigation ↗science.nasa.gov
- Trajectories and gravity assists ↗science.nasa.gov
- Tritons Volcanic Plumes ↗science.nasa.gov
- Volcanic Eruptions on Io ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager 1 mission profile ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager 1 Returning Science Data from All Four Instruments ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager 1's Pale Blue Dot ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager 2 CRS Data ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager 2 mission profile ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager Captures Sounds of Interstellar Space ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager Installing the Golden Record ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager mission fact sheet ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager plasma wave recordings ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager science ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager science instruments ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager Team Celebrates Engineering Data Return ↗science.nasa.gov
- Voyager Telecommunications ↗descanso.jpl.nasa.gov
- Where Are Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 Now ↗science.nasa.gov
Sources of illustrative site additions
Verified October 2, 2026. Links from new sections go directly to a specific item in this list. Historical observations are not mistaken for current operational status.
- NASA — Golden Record CoverPlayback, image raster, calibration ring, pulsars and hydrogen time unit.
- NASA — Making of the Golden RecordPlate and cover material; uranium sample-238.
- NASA — Voyager SpacecraftPurpose of MAG, CRS and PLS; three RTG and their connection.
- JPL — How Do We Know When Voyager Reaches Interstellar Space?PWS Plasma Oscillations and Combination Evidence for Heliopause Crossing.
- JPL — NASA's Voyager 2 Probe Enters Interstellar SpaceChanges to CRS and PLS measurements when crossing the border in 2018.
- NASA — Deep Space NetworkCommands, telemetry and ground communication network work.
- JPL — Horizons System ManualVector Ephemeris Source; geometry and time of flight of light.
- NASA — A Gravity Assist PrimerThe difference between the velocity relative to the planet and relative to the Sun during the flyby.
- NASA — TrajectoriesTransfer of Energy and Momentum; gravity maneuver for both acceleration and deceleration.
- NASA — Power: Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators ↗Converting heat into electricity using thermocouples.
- NASA — Voyager Frequently Asked QuestionsGradual power management and historical shutdown of cameras.
- NASA NTRS — Voyager Scan Actuator ↗Historical technical description of performance drop and degradation of silicon-germanium thermocouples.
- NASA Photojournal — Neptune Full Disk View (PIA01492)Neptune image origin, filters and bright clouds next to the Great Dark Spot.
- NASA Photojournal — Pale Blue Dot Revisited (PIA23645)Earth's position in the image, scattered light and processing from 2020.
- NASA — Voyager Fact SheetVerified flyby dates, Titan decisions and directions of both orbits.
- JPL — Horizons: positions, velocities and light timeVector ephemeris reference frames and the meaning of geometric tracker data.
- NASA — Voyager Fact Sheet: choice of both orbitsOrder of launches, shorter Voyager 1 orbit and possibility of Voyager continuation 2.
- NASA — Voyager 2: First To Visit All Four GiantsVoyager Distinct Mission 2, lunar exploration and planetary portion of flight.
- NASA — Uranus Facts: Magnetosphere ↗Tilt and misalignment of the magnetic field of Uranus, changes in the magnetic environment.
- NASA Photojournal — Triton's Volcanic Plumes (PIA14449)A trio of images from August 26, 1989, a dark cloud and its shadow; distinguishing between observations and hypotheses.
- NASA — Deep Space Network: Canberra's Role (2025) ↗Canberra South Complex task in conjunction with Voyager 2.
- NASA — Voyager 2 Communications Pause: update 4 August 2023 ↗Orientation error on 21 July, carrier detection on 1 August and data return on 4 August 2023.
- NASA/JPL — Voyager 2: power saving from August 4, 2026Documented operation of three devices and change of Big Bang power supply.
- JPL — Voyager 2 enters interstellar space (2018)The crossing of the heliopause on 5 November 2018 and joint evidence from PLS, CRS, LECP and MAG.
The geometric signal timeline uses local vector ephemeris JPL Horizons and interpolation of the same type as the tracker. The movement of the receiver includes separately in both directions. The result does not include operation time, connection planning or relativistic and station corrections.
Sources for the spacecraft tours and discovery comparisons
These primary NASA and JPL sources support the numbered components, historical engineering examples and separate discovery comparisons for each spacecraft. Historical events are described in their own period.
- NASA Photojournal — Model of Voyager (PIA14111) ↗
- NASA — Voyager Spacecraft
- NASA — Basics of Space Flight: Science Instruments ↗
- NASA — Io: Exploration ↗
- NASA Photojournal — Io Volcanic Eruption
- NASA Photojournal — Rings of Neptune (PIA01997) ↗
- JPL — Edward Stone Voyager Exploration Trail ↗
- NASA — 35 Years On, Voyager’s Legacy Continues at Saturn ↗
- NASA — 40 Years Ago: Voyager 1 Explores Saturn ↗
- NASA Photojournal — Pale Blue Dot Revisited (PIA23645)
- NASA — Voyager 1 Resumes Sending Engineering Updates (2024)
- JPL — Voyager 1 Team Accomplishes Tricky Thruster Swap (2024) ↗
- NASA — 35 Years Ago: Voyager 2 Explores Uranus ↗
- NASA — 30 Years Ago: Voyager 2 Explores Neptune ↗
- JPL — Voyager 2’s Historic Neptune Flyby ↗
- NASA — Voyager Fact Sheet
- NASA — Engineers Help Prolong Voyager 2’s Science Mission (2026)
New material checked against primary sources ·
Two views of the Voyagers’ journey — NASA/JPL Horizons
Snapshot at
Sky coordinates come directly from the JPL Horizons observer table: astrometric ICRF, with light travel time included. The side view uses geometric heliocentric vectors sampled every 60 days and an endpoint at the stated date. This is a dated ephemeris snapshot including predicted trajectory, not live telemetry. No extrapolation is used.
Sources and methodology · JPL Horizons · Download data (JSON)